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Protect your head (i.e. your brain!), and wear a securely fitting bike helmet.
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Check the condition of your bike frequently, noting if tires are flat and brakes are working properly.
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Wear brightly colored (neon) clothing and also reflective gear, both day and night, to be sure you are visible to others.
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Keep both hands steadily on handlebars at all times, and always transport items in a separate backpack, or bike basket.
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Watch out for road hazards such a puddles, potholes, gravel, and broken glass.
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Follow the correct flow of traffic, and obey all traffic signs, signals, and lane markings as if you were in a car.
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Take caution when turning, and always look both left and right to be certain that the coast is clear.
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Steer away from parked cars, as you never know when a door could unexpectedly open or the driver could dangerously pull out right in front or to the side of you.